Table of the Elements

This article is a summary of every modern inversion element that has ever existed, along with what companies incorporate these elements into their designs, and when the first one was introduced. And don't worry...this Table of the Elements has nothing to do with chemistry.

Note: Only track inversions are listed here. Coasters where the seats move relative to the running wheels and chassis (such as Arrow's 4th dimension design) may actually invert the riders without inverting the track, or vice-versa. Inversions not involving the track are not listed here.

Note: If the same name is used for different
elements, the element is listed along with the
name of the company which first built it, and
their name for it.

Company

Company's Name For ~

 First Coaster With ~

Park

 Year Photo

Non-hanging Sit-down

Corkscrew-(1 or 2 Inversions)
Arrow Dynamics Corkscrew Corkscrew Knott's Berry Farm (Buena Park, California) 1975
B&M Flat Spin Kumba Busch Gardens Tampa (Tampa Bay, Florida) 1993 bm_flatspin.jpg (4390 bytes)
Intamin Screw Monte Makaya Terra Encantada (Rio De Janeiro, Brazil) 1998 intamin_screw.jpg (3251 bytes)
Pinfari Corkscrew - - - nophoto.jpg (1678 bytes)
Premier Corkscrew Outer Limits: Flight of Fear Paramount King's Dominion (Doswell Virginia) & Paramount King's Island (King's Mill, Ohio) 1996 nophoto.jpg (1678 bytes)
TOGO Corkscrew Corkscrew Toshimaen (Tokyo, Japan) 1980 nophoto.jpg (1678 bytes)
Vekoma Corkscrew Tornado Walibi Wavre (Wavre, Belgium) - vekoma_corkscrew.jpg (3868 bytes)

Vertical (Clothoid) Loop-(1 Inversion)
Apple Loop Loop Coaster Ajwa Fun World & Resort (Gujarat, India) 1996 nophoto.jpg (1678 bytes)
Arrow Dynamics Loop Corkscrew Cedar Point (Sandusky, Ohio) 1976 arrow_loop.jpg (3005 bytes)
B&M Loop Kumba Busch Gardens Tampa (Tampa Bay, Florida) 1993 bm_loop.jpg (3702 bytes)
Intamin Loop Revolution Six Flags Magic Mountain (Valencia, California) 1976 intamin_loop.jpg (9632 bytes)
O.D. Hopkins Loop Texas Tornado Wonderland Amusement Park (Amarillo, Texas) 1985 odhopkins_loop.jpg (9691 bytes)
Pax Design Loop - - - nophoto.jpg (1678 bytes)
Pinfari Loop - - - nophoto.jpg (1678 bytes)
Premier Loop Speed: The Ride Nascar Cafè (Las Vegas, Nevada) 2000 premier-loop.jpg (3495 bytes)
TOGO Loop - - - nophoto.jpg (1678 bytes)
Schwarzkopf Loop Revolution Six Flags Magic Mountain (Valencia, California) 1975 intamin_loop.jpg (9632 bytes)
Soquet Loop - - - nophoto.jpg (1678 bytes)
Vekoma Loop - - - nophoto.jpg (1678 bytes)

Arrow Boomerang-(2 Inversions)
Arrow Dynamics Boomerang Orient Express Worlds of Fun (Kansas City, Missouri) 1980 arrow_boomerang.jpg (3534 bytes)
Vekoma Sidewinder Goudurix Parc Asterix (Plaily, France) 1989 vekoma_sidewinder1.jpg (2457 bytes)

Vekoma Boomerang-(2 Inversions)
Arrow Dynamics Batwing Drachen Fire Busch Gardens Williamsburg (Williamsburg, Virginia) 1992 arrow_batwing.jpg (5252 bytes)
B&M Cobra Roll Kumba Busch Gardens Tampa (Tampa Bay, Florida) 1993 bm_cobraroll.jpg (4743 bytes)
Intamin Cobra Roll Monte Makaya Terra Encantada (Rio De Janeiro, Brazil) 1998 intamin_cobraroll.jpg (3458 bytes)
Premier - Outer Limits: Flight of Fear Paramount King's Dominion (Doswell Virginia) & Paramount King's Island (King's Mill, Ohio) 1996 premier-vekboomerang.jpg (5678 bytes)
Vekoma Boomerang Escorpion Reino Aventura (Mexico City, Mexico) 1981 vekoma_boomerang.jpg (10267 bytes)

Bowtie-(2 Inversions)
Arrow Dynamics Bowtie Dragon Mountain Marineland (Niagra Falls, Ontario, Canada) 1983 arrow_bowtie.jpg (4497 bytes)

Pretzel Knot-(2 Inversions)
Meisho Pretzel Knot Moonsault Scramble Fujikyu Higlands (Kawaguci Lake, Japan) 1983 meisho_pretzelknot.jpg (3061 bytes)

Arrow Sidewinder-(1 Inversion)
Arrow Sidewinder Scream Machine Expo '86 (Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada) 1986 arrow_sidewinder.jpg (4742 bytes)
Premier - Outer Limits: Flight of Fear Paramount King's Dominion (Doswell Virginia) & Paramount King's Island (King's Mill, Ohio) 1996 premier-arrsidewinder.jpg (5397 bytes)
Vekoma Sidewinder (Reverse) Kamikaze Dinosaur Beach (Wildwood, New Jersey) 1989 vekoma_sidewinder2.jpg (4755 bytes)

Circular Loop-(1 Inversion)
Schwarzkopf Circular Loop Thriller Oscar Bruch (Traveling Fairs) 1986 schwarzkopf_circularloop.jpg (5600 bytes)

Stretch Loop-(1 Inversion)
Schwarzkopf Stretch Loop Thriller Oscar Bruch (Traveling Fairs) 1986 schwarzkopf_stretchloop.jpg (3433 bytes)

Butterfly-(2 Inversions)
Vekoma Butterfly Goudurix Parc Asterix (Plaily, France) 1989 vekoma_butterfly.jpg (4585 bytes)

Wraparound Corkscrew-(1 Inversion)
Arrow Wraparound Corkscrew Drachen Fire Busch Gardens Williamsburg (Williamsburg, Virginia) 1992 arrow_wraparoundcorkscrew.jpg (3707 bytes)

Cutback-(1 Inversion)
Arrow Cutback Drachen Fire Busch Gardens Williamsburg (Williamsburg, Virginia) 1992 arrow_cutback.jpg (2793 bytes)

Dive Loop-(1 Inversion)
B&M Dive Loop Kumba Busch Gardens Tampa (Tampa Bay, Florida) 1993 bm_diveloop.jpg (3144 bytes)

Camelback-(1 Inversion)
B&M Camelback Kumba Busch Gardens Tampa (Tampa Bay, Florida) 1993 bm_camelback.jpg (3247 bytes)
Inverted Technologies - (Unnamed) Taman Festival Park (Utara, Indonesia) 1998 invertedtechnogies_bmcamelback.jpg (10264 bytes)
Premier - Batman and Robin: The Chiller Six Flags Great Adventure (Jaskson, New Jersey) 1998 premier-bmcamelback.jpg (5098 bytes)

Heartline Roll-(1 Inversion)
Intamin Zero-G-Heart Roll Lethal Weapon Pursuit Warner Brothers Movie World (Bottrop, Germany) 1996 intamin_zerogheartroll.jpg (3276 bytes)
TOGO Heartline Roll Viper Six Flags Great Adventure (Jackson, New Jersey) 1995 togo_heartlineroll.jpg (4595 bytes)

[No Official Name]-(1 Inversion)
TOGO - Viper Six Flags Great Adventure (Jackson, New Jersey) 1995 togo_noname.jpg (3497 bytes)

Twist and Dive-(1 Inversion)
TOGO Twist and Dive Manhattan Express New York, New York Hotel and Casino (Los Vegas, Nevada) 1997 togo_twistanddive.jpg (4735 bytes)

Inclined Loop-(1 Inversion)
Top Fun Inclined Loop Typhoon Santa's Village (Santa Claus, Indiana) 1998 topfun_inclinedloop.jpg (3906 bytes)

Top Hat-(1 Inversion)
Premier Top Hat Mr. Freeze Six Flags Over Texas (Arlington, Texas) & Six Flags St. Louis (Eureka, Missouri) 1998 premier-tophat.jpg (16960 bytes)

Roll-over-(2 Inversions)
B&M Sea Serpent Medusa Six Flags Marine World (Valejo, California) 2000 bm_seaserpent.jpg (4341 bytes)
Vekoma Roll-over Rock 'n Roller Coaster Disneyworld (Orlando, Florida) 1999 vekoma_rollover.jpg (3776 bytes)

Immelman-(1 Inversion)
B&M Immelman Wildfire Silver Dollar City (Branson, Missouri) 2001 bm_immelman.jpg (3320 bytes)

Stand-up

Vertical Loop-(1 Inversion)
B&M Loop Iron Wolf Six Flags Great America (Gurnee, Illinois) 1990 bm_standup_loop.jpg (11332 bytes)
Intamin Loop Shockwave Six Flags Magic Mountain (Valencia, California) 1987 intamin_standup_loop.jpg (4275 bytes)
TOGO Loop Stand-Up Coaster Gotemba Family Land (Gotemba, Japan) 1983 nophoto.jpg (1678 bytes)

Corkscrew-(1 or 2 Inversions)
Arrow Corkscrew Extremeroller Worlds of Fun (Kansas City, Missouri) 1983 arrow_standup_corkscrew.jpg (14264 bytes)
B&M Flat Spin Iron Wolf Six Flags Great America (Gurnee, Illinois) 1990 bm_standup_corkscrew.jpg (2750 bytes)
Intamin Corkscrew Shockwave Drayton Manor (Tamworth, England) 1994 intamin_standup_corkscrew.jpg (4324 bytes)

Revolution-(1 Inversion)
Intamin Revolution Shockwave Drayton Manor (Tamworth, England) 1994 intamin_standup_revolution.jpg (8636 bytes)

Dive Loop-(1 Inversion)
B&M Dive Loop Mantis Cedar Point (Sandusky, Ohio) 1996 bm_standup_diveloop.jpg (5035 bytes)

Inclined Loop-(1 Inversion)
B&M Inclined Loop Mantis Cedar Point (Sandusky, Ohio) 1996 bm_standup_inclinedloop.jpg (3280 bytes)

Pipeline

Barrel Roll-(1 Inversion)
Arrow Snap Roll Pipeline (Prototype only) [Arrow's Utah Facility] 1989 arrow_pipeline_snaproll.jpg (2467 bytes)
Intamin Barrel Roll Spiral Coaster Lotte World Sky Plaza (Pusan, South Korea) 1996 intamin_pipeline_barrelroll.jpg (12259 bytes)
TOGO Barrel Roll Ultra Twister Nagashima Spaland (Nagoya, Japan) 1985 togo_pipeline_barrelroll.jpg (4690 bytes)

[No Official Name]-(2 Inversions)
Arrow - Pipeline (Prototype only) [Arrow's Utah Facility] 1990 arrow_pipeline_noname.jpg (11116 bytes)

Diving Turn-(1 Inversion)
Intamin Diving Turn Spiral Coaster Lotte World Sky Plaza (Pusan, South Korea) 1995 intamin_pipeline_divingturn.jpg (3547 bytes)

Inverted

Vertical Loop-(1 Inversion)
B&M Loop Batman The Ride Six Flags Great America (Gurnee, Illinois) 1992 bm_inverted_loop.jpg (4115 bytes)
Giovanola Looping Anaconda Gold Reef City (Johannesburg) 2000 giovanola_inverted_loop.jpg (3618 bytes)
Intamin Loop Euro-Star Oscar Bruch (Traveling Fairs) 1995 intamin_inverted_looping.jpg (4973 bytes)
Vekoma Loop Hangover Liseberg (Gothenburg, Sweden) 1997 vekoma_inverted_loop.jpg (3245 bytes)

In-Line Twist-(1 Inversion)
B&M In-Line Twist Batman The Ride Six Flags Great America (Gurnee, Illinois) 1992 bm_inverted_inlinetwist.jpg (3489 bytes)
Giovanola Twister Anaconda Gold Reef City (Johannesburg) 2000 giovanola_inverted_twister.jpg (2933 bytes)
Intamin Revolution Euro-Star Oscar Bruch (Traveling Fairs) 1995 intamin_inverted_revolution.jpg (3267 bytes)
Vekoma Flip El Condor Walibi Flavo (Dronten, The Netherlands) 1995 vekoma_inverted_flip.jpg (3704 bytes)

Wingover-(1 Inversion)
B&M Wingover Batman The Ride Six Flags Great America (Gurnee, Illinois) 1992 bm_inverted_wingover.jpg (4437 bytes)
Giovanola Space Curve Anaconda Gold Reef City (Johannesburg) 2000 giovanola_inverted_spacecurve.jpg (3817 bytes)
Intamin Corkscrew Euro-Star Oscar Bruch (Traveling Fairs) 1995 intamin_inverted_corkscrew.jpg (14208 bytes)

B&M Cobra Roll-(2 Inversions)
B&M Cobra Roll Raptor Cedar Point (Sandusky, Ohio) 1994 bm_inverted_cobraroll.jpg (3546 bytes)
Vekoma Boomerang Hangover Liseberg (Gothenburg, Sweden) 1997 vekoma_inverted_boomerang.jpg (4264 bytes)
Intamin Cobra Roll Tornado Särkänniemi (Tampere, Finland) 2001 intamin_inverted_cobraroll.jpg (15511 bytes)

Vekoma Cobra Roll-(2 Inversions)
Vekoma Cobra Roll El Condor Walibi Flavo (Dronten, The Netherlands) 1994 vekoma_inverted_cobraroll.jpg (2795 bytes)
Pinfari - El Condor Walibi Flavo (Dronten, The Netherlands) 1994 pinfari-inverted-noname.jpg (12035 bytes)

Twist Loop-(1 Inversion)
B&M Immelman Montu Busch Gardens Tampa (Tampa Bay, Florida) 1996 bm_inverted_immelman.jpg (15148 bytes)
Vekoma Twist Loop El Condor Walibi Flavo (Dronten, The Netherlands) 1994 vekoma_inverted_twistloop.jpg (4953 bytes)

Batwing-(2 Inversions)
B&M Batwing Montu Busch Gardens Tampa (Tampa Bay, Florida) 1996 bm_inverted_batwing.jpg (14290 bytes)

Sidewinder-(1 Inversion)
Intamin Sidewinder Volcano: The Blast Coaster Paramount King's Dominion (Doswell, Virginia) 1998 intamin_inverted_sidewinder.jpg (13060 bytes)

Zero-G-Heart Roll-(1 Inversion)
Intamin Zero-G-Heart Roll Volcano: The Blast Coaster Paramount King's Dominion (Doswell, Virginia) 1998 intamin_inverted_zerogheartroll.jpg (4640 bytes)

Wood

Vertical Loop-(1 Inversion)
Roller Coaster Corporation of America Vertical Loop Son of Beast Paramount King's Island (King's Mill, Ohio) 2000 rcca_wood_loop.jpg (4523 bytes)

Flying

Turnover-(½ Inversion)
Vekoma Turnover Stealth Paramount Great America (Santa Clara, California) 2000 vekoma_laydown_turnover.jpg (1862 bytes)

Vertical Loop-(1 Inversion)
Vekoma Loop Stealth Paramount Great America (Santa Clara, California) 2000 vekoma_liedown_loop.jpg (12543 bytes)

Corkscrew-(1 or 2 Inversions)
Vekoma Corkscrew Stealth Paramount Great America (Santa Clara, California) 2000 vekoma_liedown_corkscrew.jpg (4222 bytes)

Flying Corkscrew-(1 or 2 Inversions)
Vekoma Flying Corkscrew X-Flight Six Flags Worlds of Adventure (Aurora, Ohio) 2001

In-Line-Twist-(1 Inversion)
Zamperla In-Line-Twist Volare Zamperla Factory 2002 zamperla_inverted_inlinetwist.jpg (13303 bytes)

4th Dimension

Inside Raven Turn-(½ Inversion)
Arrow Inside Raven Turn X Six Flags Magic Mountain (Valencia, California) 2002 arrow_4thdimension_insideraventurn.jpg (9792 bytes)

Turnover-(½ Inversion)
Arrow Turnover X Six Flags Magic Mountain (Valencia, California) 2002 arrow_4thdimension_turnover.jpg (11856 bytes)

Outside Raven Turn-(½ Inversion)
Arrow Outside Raven Turn X Six Flags Magic Mountain (Valencia, California) 2002 arrow_4thdimension_outsideraventurn.jpg (12724 bytes)

Compiled by James Kay
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